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1993-05-03
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PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASEApril 10, 1991
NASA's Galileo spacecraft will unfurl its 16-foot-
diameter main communications antenna Thursday, setting the stage
for transmission of high volumes of science data when Galileo
flies by the asteroid Gaspra later this year.
The umbrella-like high-gain antenna, made of metal
mesh, has been stowed behind a sun shield since Galileo's launch
in October 1989, to avoid heat damage while the spacecraft flew
closer to the sun than the orbit of Earth.
Deployment of the antenna will allow Galileo to send
data to Earth at much higher rates over greater distances than it
can with the low-gain antennas it has used since launch.
Using one of its low-gain antennas, Galileo generally
transmits data at up to 1,200 bits per second (bps). With the
high-gain antenna, Galileo will be able to transmit at up to
134,000 bps (the equivalent of about one television picture each
minute) across hundreds of millions of miles of space.
Commands to unfurl the antenna will be issued by
Galileo's computers at about 12:50 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time on
Thursday, April 11. In the unfurling action -- which takes less
than 10 minutes -- redundant motors drive a worm gear, pushing
levers which spread the antenna's ribs, much as an umbrella is
opened.
Engineering monitors onboard Galileo will confirm
immediately when the unfurling is completed. The first radio
transmission over the antenna will be sent May 6.
The antenna -- a modified version of the design used in
NASA's Earth-orbiting Tracking & Data Relay Satellites -- has a
surface made of gold-plated molybdenum wire woven into a mesh.
The mesh is stretched across 18 graphite-epoxy ribs and connected
with elastic epoxy bands.
Galileo will use the high-gain antenna during its flyby
of the asteroid Gaspra, at a distance of some 255 million miles
from Earth, on October 29. The spacecraft will be some 580
million miles from Earth when it arrives at its final
destination, the giant planet Jupiter, in December 1995.
On Tuesday, April 9, flight controllers returned
Galileo to its normal "dual-spin" configuration, in which part of
the spacecraft spins and part remains fixed in relation to space.
Galileo will be fully configured for normal operations by the
time the next major sequence of commands is sent to the
spacecraft April 25.
The Galileo Project is managed by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory for NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications.
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4-10-91 FOD